- Har Gobind Khorana: Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1968 for his contributions to the understanding of the genetic code. He was born in Raipur, India, and later became a naturalized U.S. citizen.
- Abdus Salam: Awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979 for his contributions to the theory of electroweak interactions. He was Pakistani.
- Yasser Arafat: Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994 for his efforts to bring peace to the Middle East. He was Palestinian.
- Tawakkol Karman: Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011 for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights, particularly for women in Yemen. She is Yemeni.
These are the only Muslim individuals who have been awarded Nobel Prizes.
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