Using VLOOKUP in Excel: A Step-by-Step Guide

 VLOOKUP is a powerful Excel function used to search for a value in a table and return the corresponding value from a different column. It's particularly useful for looking up data based on a specific criterion.

Steps to Use VLOOKUP:

1. Organize your data: Ensure your data is arranged in a table format, with the column you want to search in (lookup column) to the left of the column containing the values you want to retrieve (result column).

2. Prepare the lookup value: Determine the value you want to search for. This could be a text string, number, or even another cell reference.

3. Select the cell where you want the result: Click on the cell where you want the VLOOKUP result to appear.

4. Enter the VLOOKUP formula: Type the following formula, replacing the placeholders with your specific values:

   =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])
   

   • lookup_value: The value you want to search for.
   • table_array: The range of cells containing your data table.  
     1. www.mindmapcharts.com

     www.mindmapcharts.com
   • col_index_num: The column number within the table_array from which you want to extract the result. The first column is 1.
   • range_lookup: Optional. Set to TRUE (or omitted) for an approximate match, meaning it will find the closest match if an exact match isn't found. Set to FALSE for an exact match.

5. Adjust the formula:

   • Table range: Select the entire range of your data table, including headers.
   • Column index number: Specify the column number of the result you want to retrieve. For example, if the result is in the third column of your table, use 3.
   • Range lookup: Choose TRUE for approximate matches or FALSE for exact matches based on your needs.

6. Press Enter: Once you've entered the formula correctly, press Enter to see the result.

Example:

If you have a table of employee names and their salaries, and you want to find the salary of a specific employee named "John Doe," you would use the following formula:

=VLOOKUP("John Doe", A2:B10, 2, FALSE)

This formula assumes:

• "John Doe" is in cell A12.
• The employee names are in column A, and their salaries are in column B.
• The data table ranges from cells A2 to B10.
• You want an exact match.

Remember: VLOOKUP is a powerful tool, but it's essential to understand how it works and use it correctly to avoid errors. If you encounter issues, double-check your formula and ensure that your data is organized correctly.

Notable Muslim-Owned Companies in India

 

Large-Scale Conglomerates:

• Wipro: One of India's largest IT services and consulting companies, founded by Mohammed Premji.
• Cipla: A leading pharmaceutical company known for its generic drug production, founded by Khwaja Abdul Hamid.
• Hamdard: A renowned Ayurvedic medicine company, founded by Hakim Abdul Hameed.

Other Notable Companies:

• Monginis: A popular bakery chain.
• Himalaya: A well-known personal care brand.
• Red Chillies Entertainment: A film production company owned by Shah Rukh Khan.
• LuLu Group: A multinational retail conglomerate.
• Shahnaz Hussain: A beauty and wellness brand.

Smaller Businesses and Startups:

• Toppr: An ed-tech platform.
• InShorts: A news aggregation app.
• ShareChat: A social media platform.
• ID Fresh Foods: A packaged food company.
• Aster DM Healthcare: A healthcare provider.

Technology and E-commerce:

• Oyo Rooms: A hotel chain and online travel agency.
• Snapdeal: An online marketplace.
• Zomato: A food delivery and restaurant discovery platform.
• FreshToHome: An online seafood and meat delivery service.

Retail and Consumer Goods:

• Bata India: A footwear retailer.
• Vimal: A clothing brand.
• Borges: A food products company.
• Asian Paints: A paint and coatings company.

Pharmaceuticals and Healthcare:

• Lupin: A pharmaceutical company.
• Dabur: A consumer goods company with a focus on ayurvedic products.
• Glenmark Pharmaceuticals: A pharmaceutical company.
• Aster Hospitals: A healthcare provider.

Media and Entertainment:

• Balaji Telefilms: A television production company.
• Excel Entertainment: A film production company.
• UTV Motion Pictures: A film production and distribution company.
• Colors TV: A television channel.

Manufacturing and Infrastructure:

• Larsen & Toubro: A multinational engineering conglomerate.
• Shapoorji Pallonji Group: A construction and engineering conglomerate.
• Eicher Motors: A manufacturer of motorcycles and commercial vehicles.
• JK Tyre & Industries: A tire manufacturer.

Others:

• Indian Oil Corporation: A petroleum and natural gas company.
• National Peroxide Limited: A chemical manufacturing company.
• Bajaj Electricals: A consumer durables and appliances company.
• DCM Shriram Limited: A diversified conglomerate.

Please note that this is not an exhaustive list. There are many more Muslim-owned businesses, especially in smaller-scale industries and regions.

Seekho App: A Comprehensive Learning Platform

 Seekho is a popular Indian e-learning platform that offers a wide range of courses and resources to help users learn new skills and advance their careers. Whether you're interested in technology, business, personal development, or government exams, Seekho has something to offer.

Key Features of Seekho:

• Extensive Course Library: Explore thousands of courses covering various topics, from programming and data science to digital marketing and soft skills.
• Expert Instructors: Learn from experienced professionals and industry experts who provide clear and engaging content.
• Interactive Learning: Enjoy interactive quizzes, assignments, and projects to reinforce your learning.
• Personalized Learning Paths: Create customized learning paths based on your goals and interests.
• Certification Programs: Earn industry-recognized certifications to validate your skills.

Popular Categories on Seekho:

• Technology
• Business
• Finance
• Marketing
• Government Exams
• Personal Development
• English Speaking
• Photography
• Soft Skills

How to Access Seekho:

1. Download the App: You can download the Seekho app from the Google Play Store or Apple App Store.
2. Create an Account: Sign up for a free account to access the platform's features.
3. Explore Courses: Browse through the course catalog and find topics that interest you.
4. Start Learning: Enroll in your desired courses and begin your learning journey.

Demi-Official Letter Format

 A demi-official letter, often abbreviated as D.O. letter, is a unique form of communication used primarily within government or organizational hierarchies. It blends elements of both formal and informal writing styles.

Key Characteristics:

• Purpose: To convey official information while maintaining a personal touch.
• Tone: Less formal than official letters but more formal than personal letters.
• Language: Simple, clear, and direct, often using first person.
• Structure: Follows a basic letter format but with more flexibility.

Format:

While there's no strict format, here's a general structure:

1. Header:

   • Your Designation
   • Your Office Address
   • Date

2. Salutation:

   • Dear [Recipient's Name],

3. Body:

   • Begin with a warm greeting or reference to a previous communication.
   • Clearly state the purpose of the letter.
   • Use a conversational tone while maintaining a professional demeanor.
   • Include relevant details and information.

4. Closing:

   • Use a closing such as "Yours sincerely," "Best regards," or any other suitable closing.
   • Your Name
   • Your Designation

Example:

Deputy Secretary
Ministry of Finance
New Delhi
15th August 2024

Dear Mr. Sharma,

I hope this letter finds you well.

I am writing to follow up on our discussion regarding the new budget proposals. As discussed, I believe that incorporating a provision for [specific proposal] would significantly benefit the [target group].

I have attached a detailed note for your consideration. Please let me know if you require any further information.

Best regards,

Rajeev Kumar
Deputy Secretary
Ministry of Finance

Important points to remember:

• Demi-official letters are usually used for communication between officers of similar rank.
• The language should be polite and respectful, even if the tone is less formal.
• While there's more flexibility in format, ensure clarity and coherence.
• Avoid using abbreviations or jargon that might not be understood by the recipient.

WhatsApp and Meta: A Closer Look

 WhatsApp

is a popular messaging app owned by Meta.  

1. WhatsApp from Meta

about.meta.com

What is WhatsApp?

WhatsApp is a free messaging and video calling app used by billions of people worldwide. It's known for its simplicity, reliability, and privacy. Key features include:  

1. WhatsApp Messenger – Apps on Google Play

play.google.com

2. How to use WhatsApp responsibly

faq.whatsapp.com

• End-to-end encryption: Ensures only the sender and recipient can read messages.  
  1. Stay Connected | WhatsApp Messaging, Calling and more

  

  www.whatsapp.com
• Cross-platform compatibility: Works on various devices (phones, computers, tablets).  
  1. About linked devices - WhatsApp Help Center

  

  faq.whatsapp.com
• Group chats: Allows multiple people to communicate simultaneously.
• Voice and video calls: Enables real-time communication.  
  1. WhatsApp Messenger – Apps on Google Play

  

  play.google.com
• Status updates: Lets users share short messages or photos.  
  1. WhatsApp makes Status sharing more convenient for users, here's how - Times of India

  

  timesofindia.indiatimes.com

Meta's Ownership

Meta, formerly known as Facebook, acquired WhatsApp in 2014. This acquisition brought WhatsApp under the umbrella of a larger tech conglomerate.  

1. Exhibit991_PressRelease21914 - SEC.gov

www.sec.gov

Importance of the Relationship

Meta's ownership of WhatsApp has implications for several areas:

• Resource sharing: WhatsApp can leverage Meta's resources for development, infrastructure, and marketing.
• User data: While WhatsApp emphasizes privacy, questions about data sharing with other Meta platforms have been raised.
• Integration: There's potential for integration with other Meta services, like Instagram or Facebook Messenger, though WhatsApp has maintained its independence.

In essence, WhatsApp is a standalone messaging app with strong privacy features, but its ownership by Meta introduces complexities and raises discussions about data handling and potential future integrations.

यहां कुछ लोकप्रिय AI मॉडल हैं जिनके साथ आप Gemini की तुलना कर सकते हैं:

 यहां कुछ लोकप्रिय AI मॉडल हैं जिनके साथ आप Gemini की तुलना कर सकते हैं:

• GPT-4: OpenAI द्वारा विकसित, यह एक और शक्तिशाली भाषा मॉडल है।
• LaMDA: Google का एक और भाषा मॉडल, जो Gemini से पहले विकसित किया गया था।
• Bard: Google का एक चैटबॉट, जो Gemini पर आधारित है।
• ChatGPT: OpenAI का एक चैटबॉट, जो GPT मॉडलों पर आधारित है।

आप इनमें से किसी एक मॉडल का चयन कर सकते हैं, या आप किसी अन्य मॉडल का नाम भी सुझा सकते हैं।

एक बार जब आप मॉडल का चयन कर लेते हैं, तो हम निम्नलिखित पहलुओं में उनकी तुलना कर सकते हैं:

• क्षमताएं: दोनों मॉडल क्या करने में सक्षम हैं?
• आर्किटेक्चर: दोनों मॉडल किस तरह की तकनीक का उपयोग करते हैं?
• प्रशिक्षण डेटा: दोनों मॉडलों को किस तरह के डेटा पर प्रशिक्षित किया गया है?
• उपयोग: दोनों मॉडलों का उपयोग किस तरह किया जा सकता है?
• मूल्यांकन: दोनों मॉडलों का मूल्यांकन कैसे किया जाता है?

उदाहरण के लिए, यदि आप Gemini और GPT-4 की तुलना करना चाहते हैं, तो हम निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर खोज सकते हैं:

• दोनों मॉडल कितनी भाषाओं को समझते हैं?
• दोनों मॉडल कितनी रचनात्मकता दिखा सकते हैं?
• दोनों मॉडलों का उपयोग किस तरह के अनुप्रयोगों में किया जा सकता है?

Gemini और अन्य AI मॉडलों के बीच क्या अंतर है?

 Google Gemini को अन्य AI मॉडलों से अलग बनाने वाली कई विशेषताएं हैं। आइए इन अंतरों को विस्तार से समझते हैं:

1. बहुमुखी प्रतिभा (Versatility)

• Gemini: यह मॉडल विभिन्न प्रकार के कार्यों को करने में सक्षम है, जैसे कि भाषा अनुवाद, कोडिंग, रचनात्मक लेखन, और तार्किक समस्याओं को हल करना। यह इसे एक बहुमुखी AI मॉडल बनाता है।
• अन्य मॉडल: कई अन्य मॉडल किसी एक विशिष्ट कार्य के लिए डिज़ाइन किए गए हैं, जैसे कि केवल भाषा अनुवाद या छवि पहचान।

2. ज्ञान का आधार (Knowledge Base)

• Gemini: Gemini को विशाल मात्रा में जानकारी पर प्रशिक्षित किया जाता है, जिससे यह विभिन्न विषयों पर जानकारी प्रदान करने में सक्षम होता है।
• अन्य मॉडल: कुछ मॉडल विशिष्ट डोमेन या विषयों पर प्रशिक्षित होते हैं, जिससे उनकी जानकारी का आधार सीमित होता है।

3. तर्क करने की क्षमता (Reasoning Ability)

• Gemini: Gemini जटिल तार्किक समस्याओं को हल करने में सक्षम है और विभिन्न परिदृश्यों का विश्लेषण कर सकता है।
• अन्य मॉडल: कुछ मॉडल केवल सरल पैटर्न को पहचानने और उनका अनुकरण करने में सक्षम होते हैं।

4. रचनात्मकता (Creativity)

• Gemini: Gemini विभिन्न प्रकार की रचनात्मक सामग्री, जैसे कि कविता, संगीत, और कलाकृतियां उत्पन्न कर सकता है।
• अन्य मॉडल: कई मॉडल केवल दिए गए डेटा के आधार पर ही उत्तर उत्पन्न कर सकते हैं और रचनात्मकता का प्रदर्शन करने में सक्षम नहीं होते हैं।

5. प्रशिक्षण डेटा (Training Data)

• Gemini: Gemini को विशाल और विविध प्रकार के डेटा पर प्रशिक्षित किया जाता है, जिसमें टेक्स्ट, कोड, और अन्य प्रकार के डेटा शामिल हैं।
• अन्य मॉडल: कुछ मॉडल विशिष्ट प्रकार के डेटा पर प्रशिक्षित होते हैं, जैसे कि केवल टेक्स्ट या छवियां।

6. आर्किटेक्चर (Architecture)

• Gemini: Gemini एक अत्यंत जटिल और उन्नत आर्किटेक्चर पर आधारित है, जो इसे विभिन्न प्रकार के कार्यों को करने में सक्षम बनाता है।
• अन्य मॉडल: अन्य मॉडल विभिन्न प्रकार के आर्किटेक्चर पर आधारित हो सकते हैं, जो उनके कार्यों और क्षमताओं को निर्धारित करते हैं।

संक्षेप में, Gemini को अन्य AI मॉडलों की तुलना में अधिक बहुमुखी, बुद्धिमान और रचनात्मक माना जाता है। यह विभिन्न प्रकार के कार्यों को करने में सक्षम है और इसका उपयोग कई क्षेत्रों में किया जा सकता है। हालांकि, AI का क्षेत्र तेजी से विकसित हो रहा है और नए मॉडल लगातार विकसित किए जा रहे हैं।